Animal Research

Roughly a year and a half into a major Lean initiative, the vivarium at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center has reduced its operating budget by at least 25 percent, cut overtime by more than 60 percent, and closed a 15,000-sf satellite, moving all employees into the original facility. Still a work in progress, the streamlining effort is applying a blend of Lean concepts and holistic, out-of-the-box thinking, with careful attention to both the hard and soft side of operations. Among the efficiencies instituted are a revamped cagewash schedule, staff trained in basic colony management, and the redesign of animal holding rooms so that PIs and husbandry personnel can comfortably work in the same space simultaneously.

Georgia State University is planning to construct an $84 million research building in Atlanta for the study of global infectious diseases. Designed by HOK, the 84,100-sf biocontainment facility will provide BSL-3 and BSL-4 labs, a vivarium, collaborative open research areas, offices, and support space. A design-bid-build contractor is being sought for the project, which has an estimated construction cost of $66 million. The structure represents the third phase of development at the university's Science Park and is slated for completion in 2022.

Research into the causes of and potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases has always been inherently multidisciplinary, combining basic sciences with numerous medical specialties. At the same time, neuroscience research requires a variety of targeted specialized spaces. Facilities that support that research, therefore, must be designed to accommodate both the interdisciplinary and the specialized. “As we approach these projects, we need to have a completely open mindset and expect the unexpected,” says Alex Munoz, SmithGroup princpal and senior lab planner. “The facilities must be designed with flexible standards that are both highly specialized for current research and capable of being relevant in the future.”

The growing complexity of research has heightened vivarium design requirements, making it imperative that facility operators and users work closely with the architect and engineers in the early planning stages of construction and renovation projects. Resolving these 10 recurring issues up front can help avoid problems down the road.

Oklahoma State University is planning to break ground in spring of 2021 on a $100 million facility for the College of Agriculture in Stillwater. Designed to promote hands-on, experiential learning, the building will offer flexible teaching and research labs, dynamic classrooms, collaboration spaces, and faculty offices. Occupancy is expected in fall of 2023. OSU is also building the $7.1 million Animal Nutrition and Physiology Center.

An “onion skin” layout of lab adjacencies and biocontainment strategies derived from a thorough risk assessment process are highlights of the new construction for the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL) in Brookings, S.D. The new 84,000-gsf (41,000-nsf) building, an addition to the original facility, will provide space to accommodate the burgeoning demand for molecular diagnostics while bringing activities on both sides of the ADRDL mission—research and diagnostics—under one roof.

The Ohio State University is planning to construct two collocated research facilities in its West Campus innovation district in Columbus. Designed by Pelli Clarke & Partners and Moody Nolan, the 305,000-sf Interdisciplinary Research Facility will provide a vivarium, support spaces, and wet, computational, and core labs for programs in engineering and medical research.

Stanford University opened a $256 million biomedical research complex in November of 2019 in Stanford, Calif. Designed by Ennead Architects, the four-story, 235,000-sf project includes the Stanford ChEM-H (Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health) Building and the Stanford Neurosciences Building, which houses the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute.

Yale University opened the $283 million Yale Science Building in October of 2019 in New Haven, Conn. Housing the entire Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology department, the 280,300-sf multidisciplinary facility also accommodates part of the Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry department, as well as supporting faculty from physics and chemistry. The collaborative seven-level structure, which includes two floors below grade, features flexible labs that integrate both research and teaching functions in the same space.

Purdue University will begin construction in spring of 2020 on the $108 million Veterinary Teaching Hospital in West Lafayette, Ind. Accommodating equine, small animal, and farm animal patients, the 175,290-gsf facility will support translational research programs to enable the development of new therapeutics and technologies that may have applications for human health.

Texas Tech University opened the $77 million Experimental Sciences Building II in October of 2019 in Lubbock, Texas. Comprising four stories and a basement level, the 117,000-gsf facility provides collaborative environments for interdisciplinary research including four general wet labs, three core instrumentation suites, two synthetic labs, a vivarium, a BSL-2 lab, conference rooms, and offices for researchers and principal investigators.

Pennsylvania State University is planning to construct the $98.5 million Animal, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Building in University Park. Designed by HOK, the 105,000-sf facility will provide the College of Agricultural Sciences with research labs, a general-purpose classroom, faculty offices, seminar rooms, and a state-of-the-art vivarium.

Texas Tech University broke ground in September of 2019 on a $90 million complex for the School of Veterinary Medicine in Amarillo. Located at the Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, the project includes construction of a two-story, 185,000-sf facility providing classrooms, research labs, surgical suites, anatomy labs, and pathology studios. A second building located at Mariposa Station will offer large animal housing facilities and a clinical skills training center.

The South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL) celebrated the opening of its expanded Brookings facility in September of 2019. The $58 million project included construction of an 81,000-sf addition offering 3,762 sf of biocontainment space which provides BSL-2E necropsy and BSL-3 facilities. A 4,000-sf chiller plant was also constructed. General contractor McCownGordon broke ground on the expansion in August of 2017. The lab's existing 55,000-sf facility will now undergo renovation and completion is expected in May of 2020.

Changing needs for vivariums have presented facilities managers with an array of challenges: creating more space for housing research animals within existing facilities; ensuring that the environments in which animals are kept meet guidelines set by scientific research agencies and organizations; and ensuring the spaces in which researchers conduct their experiments host well-run vivariums that contribute to, rather than inhibit, the ability to reproduce their results. Manufacturers are responding to these needs with more space-efficient caging systems, more precise and cost-effective environmental controls for animal holding rooms, and technology that can automatically track the health of animals in cages.